Buried alive in the Qing Dynasty

Page 216

The new Ming Dynasty actually allows mergers, but it cannot allow extensive and unrestricted mergers!

Therefore, after the land equalization is completed, the land in the new Ming Dynasty will be divided into "equal land area" and "public and private land area". The former is held collectively by clans or villages and cannot be transferred!

The land in the Juntian District will account for more than half of the total arable land in the entire New Daming. This part of the land will be used to guarantee the country's basic taxation, military service, and the middle and lower classes will have fields to plant, houses to live in, and food to eat , and their children have books to read.

The area of ​​public and private farmland is not small, but the proportion of arable land is not high. These lands can be government-owned or privately owned, and transfers are allowed.

However, the private land among them, including the land owned by the royal family, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, cannot be exempted from taxation for any reason.Of course, it is owned by the state, except for the land used by the royal family or Confucianism.

In addition, the Ming court will levy inheritance tax on these lands and their ancillary buildings at an appropriate time!

And at the end of this "Equity of Land", he also told readers with great earnestness that excessive concentration of land and wealth will inevitably lead to despair at the bottom and decay at the top.Moreover, the upper class who monopolize a large amount of land and wealth will also monopolize power, which will not only block the upward path of the lower class, but also transfer the tax burden to the lower class.

At this time, the time of chaos in the world is coming!Therefore, once the equalization of land promoted by the new Ming Dynasty is successful, it will be able to greatly delay the arrival of the next chaos...

In the study room, there was silence.

The three people who had finished reading "Equal Fields" sat there in a daze.

After an indeterminate amount of time, Zhou Peigong coughed and said, "Since Zhu Ni dared to call himself a saint and so many people were bewitched by him, it shows that his reasoning is... he can still confuse people!"

Zhang Ying nodded: "Yes, yes, yes... This is a false truth that confuses people!"

Li Guangdi said with certainty: "That's right, this is, this is similar to the Wang Tian system that Wang Mang made. also!"

Not to mention, Li Guangdi really found a reason to oppose the "equal land system".

Zhou Peigong also nodded and said: "The system of land equalization is indeed Wang Mang's government...and the system of village sages proposed by Shenggong is the real Confucian way! This time we can use Shenggong's system of village sages to attack Zhu Heqi equal-field system!"

Now it finally makes sense!

The so-called village virtuous system is actually the tax-subsidy system... The tax-subsidy system was mentioned by Kangxi when he was discussing government affairs with others.

This name is the Zhizhi of Xiangxian.

Chapter 500 Private Interview with Heshen Weifu

The river flows slowly and slowly.Perhaps because of the drought and lack of rain since the beginning of autumn, the water level of the Huangpu River flowing from the edge of Shanghai County is a bit shallow, exposing a large area of ​​the river beach.

Outside a village called Lujiazui on the east bank of the Huangpu River, a bearded man in a gorgeous silk robe was walking along the Huangpu River with a group of people who looked like housekeepers, bodyguards, and concubines... and beside him was a five-short figure The Humpty Dumpty, also in a new silk robe.

Now it is the autumn harvest season, and the large paddy fields on the east bank of the Huangpu River are covered with golden rice, which looks like a bumper harvest is imminent.The farmers in Shanghai are busy in the fields, trying to finish harvesting all the rice this season before the autumn rains that may fall at any time.

Looking at the small and tanned farmers busy in the rice fields, the bearded man asked in Mandarin with Chaozhou dialect: "Lu Xiucai, the east bank of the Huangpu River belongs to your family? Sell ​​or not? Let’s make a price!”

The bearded man who wanted to buy the land was none other than Zhu Hechi, the Ming King of the Ming Dynasty.He is now using the pseudonym Heshen, and is making private visits in various places in the south of the Yangtze River... This is Heshen's private visits on Weifu!

And the one who was accompanying him to look at the land was Lu Xiaowen, the biggest landlord in Lujiazui area, and he was also a big cloth merchant, driving the largest cloth shop in Songjiang Mansion.She is from the same town as Ni Honghua, the secretary and female officer of the Weaving Girl Palace, and once wanted to buy Ni Niangzi back home as a concubine.Unexpectedly, after Ni Niang was sold into the palace by her husband's family, she would be lucky enough to be given the title of Mrs. He by the Noble Concubine of Zhinu Palace to a "Master He" from Chaozhou.

And this "Master He" is incredible, not only is he a hero in the restoration of the Ming Dynasty, but also his family has collected tolls in the South China Sea for generations, so he is super rich!

But the eyes are not very good... He actually said that the river view in Lujiazui is very good, it is very suitable for building a villa, and he wants to buy a large piece of land for building a villa.

This is really ridiculous, what kind of river view is there in Lujiazui?There is only one Huangpu River, and then there is Tian... There is not even a place of interest, who would want to build a villa here?

Lu Xiucai thought: "This guy with the surname He is not really what Mrs. Ni said. He is a fool and has a lot of money, right? But although this guy is stupid, he looks fierce, and he is a hero. He is probably a general, so he can't afford to provoke !"

"Master He," Lu Xiaowen and Lu Xiucai also figured out what kind of official this "Heji" is, so he called him "Master He". Nope. Although a port has been opened recently, the port is not in Lujiazui, but in the downstream near the mouth of the Yangtze River.

In addition... what does the imperial court want to do to equalize the land now!You spent money to buy my field, and if you pay it back, it will be a big loss! "

Zhu Heqi was overjoyed when he heard this, "Lu Xiucai, you are still an honest scholar! Then tell me, is this land equalization policy good or not?"

"How can the average land be good?" Lu Xiucai's fat face collapsed when he heard Zhu Heqi's question, "Who would give away the land passed down from the ancestors for free? These days, the gentry in Songjiang are almost worried. He is dead. Everyone asked the counselor Mr. Zhou to submit the booklet, but it seems to be useless... Everyone is relying on this year's spring tax, and the autumn tax is also unwilling to pay, but the court doesn't seem to care at all. It's really worrying! "

Zhu Heqi laughed loudly when he heard the words: "Of course the imperial court doesn't care...the imperial court is very determined to equalize the land, and the land will be equalized. Can't the tax be slowed down? Besides, the current tax, vehicle and boat in the south of the Yangtze River Taxes, industrial and commercial business taxes, interest taxes, and salt taxes are getting higher and higher, so how many land taxes do you care about? It doesn’t matter if you don’t pay them.”

If the industrial and commercial tax is really collected, the land tax will indeed become a small one.The reason is simple, because most of the agricultural products still have to be exchanged.

And once these agricultural products enter the market, how much would it be like to collect the 5.00% pass tax, [-]% vehicle and vessel tax, and [-]% business tax?

Moreover, a big landlord like Lu Xiucai sells agricultural products in exchange for silver and has to deposit it in a bank or bank... Otherwise, you will take the silver home and bury it, and another 5.00% will be deducted when you pass the customs!

After depositing in banks and banks, the interest tax came again!

Compared with these various items, the industrial and commercial tax is collected in handfuls, and the agricultural tax is only a few bucks?In the Ming Dynasty, Nanzhili was known as heavy taxation, and the average land tax was more than ten catties per mu. Why did the land in Nanzhili have to collect several hundred catties of grain?

Now that Zhu Heyi has gradually taken care of the industrial and commercial taxation and financial system, the large amount of land tax arrears in the southeastern provinces is not a problem for Zhu Heyi.

However, Zhu Heqi's words still made Ni Niang who was on the side a little dumbfounded. This person who is about to be the emperor doesn't care about the unruly people resisting taxes at all. This is probably the only one.

As soon as she thought of this, Zhu and Qi spoke again, "Lu Xiucai, but you don't pay taxes now, and when the court distributes the compensation for equal land, it will be deducted from you, and you will also be fined!"

"What? Compensation for equal land? And fines?" Lu Xiucai was taken aback. "If you don't pay taxes, you will be fined?"

"Of course we will be fined!" Zhu Heqi laughed, "All demons are punished, and more than 1 people will be exempted from their reputations at one time. How can this dynasty not be punished? So you can still sell me some land, so that you can You can go out a little less."

Lu Xiucai looked at Zhu Heqi, "Master He, aren't you afraid of Juntian?"

"Me?" Zhu Heqi smiled, "My family has a large population... and my family has never been assigned to Juntianzhuang in Guangdong, and my family has not settled in a rural area.

The land granted by the imperial court is all in the official and private fields, so I can still buy thousands of acres of land.From now on, I will be registered in Shanghai and become a native of Shanghai. "

Of course Zhu Heqi was fooling Lu Xiucai!

Because how could the land along the Huangpu River in Shanghai be included in the Juntian District?It is definitely a government-private land area...that is, land that can be freely bought, sold, and developed.That is to say, it is not included in the average field!

However, the oil and water of this land appreciation cannot be taken up by local landlords.Therefore, during this period of time, Zhu Heqi has taken advantage of the landlords in the southeast area's fear of equal land, and sent people down to buy land around key cities under various names.

In addition, the "equal land" of the new Ming Dynasty is not indiscriminate, depriving the landlords of excess land without compensation, but there will be a corresponding compensation plan... The compensation exchange price will be determined according to whether the landlords participated in the anti-Qing Dynasty high and low.

Only when they encounter the land property of Manchu officials and the banner property occupied by the circle, will they all be confiscated.

……

"It turns out that Juntian has compensation methods..."

"Hehe, ten complements and nine deficiencies..."

"It's true...but this newspaper seems to be good!"

"How is it not bad?"

"It can be used as the mouthpiece of our Confucianism!"

"But this is Zhu Hechi's newspaper!"

"I know, I mean we can do one ourselves."

While Zhu and Qi were still searching for land in the future Shanghai Bund, two rebels, Zhou Peigong and Li Guangdi, had already sneaked into Nanjing City. Began to make friends with scholars.

But before they started to act, Zhou Peigong bought a copy of "Confucianism Xunbao" - the official newspaper of Confucianism, which only publishes one copy in ten days, so it is called Xunbao.

This made the eyes of the two rebels shine again!They were still worrying about not knowing how to publicize their ideas, but they didn't expect Zhu and Qi to help them both solve the problem - they could publish newspapers!

"But how do we publish Confucianism newspapers in Nanjing?" Li Guangdi was quite honest, he thought of publishing newspapers in the name of Confucianism.

But Zhou Peigong laughed: "Why publish Confucianism? We can publish "Confucianism Xunbao", this newspaper seems to sell well... there must be a lot of private printing? Let's buy a book engraving workshop, and then Privately print "Confucianism Xunbao", when printing, take out a few articles and replace them with ours?"

Chapter 501 Don't Catch Zhou Losing Light!

"My lord, this fake "Confucianism Xunbao" suddenly appeared seven days ago. Most of the content on it is the same as the real "Confucianism Xunbao". They published two articles, "Lun Xiangxian" and "On Wu Zhou Juntian". Jinyiwei found something wrong five days ago, and immediately dispatched plainclothes Tiqi to arrest several newsboys, and found the privately printed fake "Confucianism" However, the engraving workers caught said that they did not know that the printed newspaper was a fake newspaper, and they just carved the version according to a hand-copied "Confucianism Xunbao"... After the interrogation by Beizhen Fusi I found out that these engravers only know how to draw gourds, but they are actually illiterate..."

Sitting in a large sandship-shaped passenger boat, reporting to Zhu Hechi the progress of the "fake newspaper" case was Pang Siming, the commander of Jinyiwei who had just arrived from Nanjing to Wu County, Suzhou.Regardless of the young age of this [-]-year-old father-in-law Pang, he was only sixteen or seventeen years old when he followed Zhu Heqi, and he is only in his early twenties this year, but because of his reliability and ability, and the help of a group of little brothers, Became one of Zhu Hechi's right-hand men.From the governor of the inner gunpowder factory, to the head of the bodyguard at the attendant office, and then to the commander of Jin Yiwei, he has already become an extremely human minister at a young age.This is in the troubled times, put it in the Taiping years, do you know if you have walked out of the campus at this age?

While listening to Pang Siming's report, Zhu Heqi was holding a fake copy of "Confucianism Xunbao" and looked at it, somewhat helpless on his face—it's wrong to fake it!Although the printing volume of the genuine "Confucianism Xunbao" is a bit small, the price is also slightly higher.But you can't just print pirated copies and sell them because of this. Do you know about intellectual property rights?It's against the law!

In addition, the problem with this "Rumen Xunbao" is not only a pirated version, but a "fake newspaper" that used the name of "Rumen Xunbao"!

This way of thinking... is absolutely perfect!

"Teacher, this fake newspaper must be the work of spies sent by Qing Yao Confucianism. The purpose is to sabotage the competition to be held at the beginning of next year. The students suggest posting pictures and pictures to hunt down the Qing Yao spies!"

It was Yan Yuan, Zhu Heqi's favorite student who made the suggestion. He is still serving as Zhu Heqi's attendant minister and head of the bodyguard. Weibo private visit.

"Can you catch it?" Zhu Heqi glanced at "Little Eunuch".

"Yes!" Pang Siming said, "but you don't need to draw shadows and graphics, you just need to secretly arrest... The plainclothes Tiqi sent by the minister was originally a secret investigation and arrest, and the masterminds behind the scenes probably don't know their book engraving workshop It has been controlled by Tiqi."

"Good job!" Zhu Heqian nodded with a smile. This year's Jinyiwei is not the Jinyiwei who ate dry food in the late Ming Dynasty.The backbone of them are all from rebellious backgrounds, they are doing secret work with their heads up, and the level is different!

At this time, Pang Siming changed the topic, and said, "But I think it's better not to arrest those masterminds behind the scenes."

"Not to catch?" Zhu Heqi was taken aback, "Why?"

Pang Siming handed over another note, "Your Majesty, this is from the Penglai Bank in Dengzhou."

Zhu Heqi took the note and looked at it, and immediately laughed: "It turns out that Zhou Peiguang is here... No wonder he came up with such a brilliant idea. This person really can't be arrested, so we have to find a way to let him go back and continue his work." Assist Kangxi!"

Both Zhu and Qi sent spies to Kangxi's South Study, so of course they knew the nickname "Zhou Beiguang".

Captured and killed "Zhou Beiguang", didn't this help Kangxi?

Pang Siming said again at this time: "But it's not appropriate to let them spread the fallacies of Confucianism..."

Zhu Heqi looked back at Yan Yuan, "Yi Zhi, what do you think of the Xiangxian they advocated and Wu Zhou's Juntian?"

Yan Yuandao: "Teacher, the students think that the village sages themselves have nothing to do with it. After we finish equalizing the land here, no matter whether the land is owned by the clan or the village community, someone needs to come out to take charge of the subcontracting of the land and the rural schools. Isn’t a person a village sage?”

Zhu Hechi nodded, "That's right, we don't have that many officials to send... Kangxi's imperial power doesn't go to the countryside. Our imperial power goes to the countryside at most. It's impossible to go to the village and join the clan."

There is a cost for the imperial power to go to the countryside. No matter how good Zhu Hechi is in business, he can't make money out of the current productivity.However, the current productivity can only support the bureaucracy to go to the countryside, and the cost of going to the village and joining the clan cannot be borne at all.

Moreover, Zhu Heqi’s system included not only officials, but also Confucian schools, government-run universities, middle schools, and primary schools jointly managed by Confucian officials... When the imperial power went to the countryside, of course primary schools also went to the countryside, and Confucian schools also went to the countryside.

In addition, when officials, schools, and Confucianism went to the countryside, the judicial, financial, and supervisory systems of the new Ming Dynasty also expanded downwards.

This is the expansion of the entire ruling system, and one can imagine how high the cost will be.Although the country's tax revenue and mobilization capacity will also expand at the same time, the development of productivity cannot be achieved overnight.

So before the completion of the industrial revolution, villages and clans must be self-governing!

Yan Yuan said again: "However, our village community and clan self-government are not the same as the so-called sages of Qing Yao. The purpose of letting the village community and clan self-government is to let them take care of their own affairs, not to Excessive tax collection. The village head and patriarch are not appointed by us, but elected by the villagers and clan members themselves.

And at the same time, we are still promoting compulsory education for everyone to read... As long as everyone is literate, they will have the opportunity to be admitted to township primary schools, county middle schools, government academies, and university halls in the province. It is impossible to cover the sky with one hand. "

Yan Yuan thought about it and said: "But the townships and counties of Qingyao are implemented in conjunction with the tax package law... This is actually a kind of rural chieftain!

What Qingyao paid out was not only taxes, but also Wang Fa and town soldiers, otherwise the taxpayers would not be able to collect taxes at all.Moreover, the tax package of the Qing Yao must clearly identify the taxpayer, which is equivalent to confiscating the land of a township to one person.After a long time, when the power of these taxpayers has developed, the Qing Yao will fall apart.This kind of tax payment law for local virtuous people is really quenching thirst with poison.At the beginning, you can receive a lot of money, after a long time, hehe...

As for Wu Zhou's method of equalizing land, it is much stronger than Kangxi's method.I have studied Wu Yingxiong's method these days, and found that he actually assigned the Huguang generation of farmers with no land and little land to the heroes below, and asked these heroes to send their children and servants to lead them to develop the enclosure in Sichuan.The wasteland that was opened up was given to those farmers, children, and servants, and at the same time it was used as a feudal state for those heroes of Wu and Zhou.

Although this is also feudalism, the poor households in Huguang have a way out, the wasteland in Sichuan has been reclaimed, and the heroes of Wu and Zhou have their own feudal states, which can be regarded as killing three birds with one stone.Although Wu Yingxiong is an unfaithful, filial and unrighteous person, he is still doing well in politics.

In fact, this method is also being practiced by some of us here.Over the past few years in Fujian, people have been relocated to Taiwan Island by people from the Yanping Palace to plant sugar cane. "

After listening to Yan Yuan's analysis, Zhu Heqi nodded lightly and said, "Yi Zhi, go back to Nanjing with Pang Siming immediately, go find Huang Zongxi, and ask him and his disciples to write an article in "Confucianism Xunbao" to criticize Qing Dynasty. Demon’s village virtuous system.” As he said that, he laughed, “Zhou Peiguang is a scholar after all, he actually wants to argue with us... We have Donglin’s successor, Huang Lizhou, and he is the one who lost his wife and lost his army. Dog-headed military division?"

"My lord, how many of them lost that week..." Pang Siming asked.

"Investigate!" Zhu Heqi said, "but don't startle the snake... The key point is to find out how their money is spent? If you find out the money, you will find out who they are! It's difficult. Once we figure out what they want to do, we can give Kang Mazi some eye drops."

Pang Siming said: "I understand!"

Chapter 502 Get rich!Rebellion!

When the new year came in the second year of Ming Wang Jianguo, the six provinces who were preparing to participate in the imperial examination competition held on the first day of February were gathered in the city of Nanjing, and there were also students from Jiangnan, Jiangbei, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, and Guangdong. The counselors of these six provinces have been caught in a big debate about land sharing or taxation.

Regardless of the fact that the total number of people involved in the big debate is not large, the total number of candidates in the six provinces is only 100 to [-], and the number of permanent counselors in the six provinces of Nanjing is even smaller, only more than [-].But these people are the intellectual elites of the entire New Ming society!

Although their knowledge is a bit partial in Zhu Heqi's opinion, they all need to take a good cram school!But the bureaucrats that Zhu and Chi can rely on for a long time to come have to come out of this group of people...

After all, the cultivation of new-style talents is a rather lengthy process—Zhu Hechi started the new school almost from scratch, without even the most basic teaching materials and a few teachers who could teach the new learning.

At the beginning, he had to write textbooks by himself, and taught the young soldiers around him about mathematics and physics (magic science).

Later, I got a teacher Bei to be considered as an assistant. Teacher Bei received a western education, is proficient in Latin, and is also very good at mathematics. .So she can quickly master the primary school mathematics textbooks compiled by Zhu Hechi, and she can also self-study the middle school mathematics textbooks.

After she had thoroughly grasped the textbook "Primary School Mathematical Sciences", Zhu Heqi made her a math teacher in the "Palace Primary School" and asked her to teach math lessons to a group of young guards from the Zhu family in Chaozhou.

Later, through the Guangzhou imperial examination, Zhu Heqi recruited several talents who "learned Chinese and Western", such as Qu Huajie (Qu Dajun's son), Fang Zhongtong (Fang Yizhi's son), Fang Zhonglu (Fang Yizhi's son), and Fang Zhonglu (Fang Yizhi's son). Zhiyouzi) and others were led by Gu Yanwu to study the textbooks provided by Zhu Heqi in Guangzhou Haizhu University.After having a certain foundation, Zhu Heqi transferred them to his side to serve as ministers of attendants, so that he could personally teach them to study.

In addition, some students with excellent grades in the Army Academy and Naval Academy were also transferred to Zhu Hechi as bodyguards. They also taught themselves the middle school, academy (specialty) or University textbooks.

But Zhu and Qi have too many things to do, and they don't have much time to take care of their students.Therefore, these people's progress was very slow. It was not until the arrival of Leibniz that they had a good teacher who could teach the ministers and guards.

However, no matter how advanced Leibniz's knowledge is, he is only one person. How many students can he lead?And he doesn't teach one subject, but mathematics, physics, magic, geography, history (Western history), philosophy (Xi Zhe) all come from it!

Therefore, although Haizhu University and Jinling University have been established, they suffer from the lack of teachers, so they can only cultivate talents through self-study... This new learning is really going to be big, I'm afraid it will have to be done again Wait a few years.

Before a large number of new-style talents are cultivated, Zhu Heqi can only make good use of these old-age elites as much as possible.

And among these elites of the old era, maybe there are some people who are quite knowledgeable about the new learning?